What is Ringworm?
Despite its name, ringworm isn't a worm. It’s a fungus called dermatophytes. Dermatophytes means "plants that live on the skin." This name came from the circular marks they create, which were once thought to be caused by worms.
The fungi thrive on the skin's surface, living in hair follicles and feeding on dead skin and hair. The most common fungus affecting cats and dogs is Microsporum canis.
Recognizing Ringworm in Pets
Ringworm usually shows as a hairless round mark. While humans often have a clear "ring," cats may just develop an irregular-shaped lesion. These fungi make hair shafts break, resulting in bald patches, often on the face, ears, tail, and paws. The marks might be scaly, itchy, red, and inflamed.
How Do Pets Catch Ringworm?
Ringworm spreads via direct contact. A cat or dog can get it from another infected animal or person. They can also pass it to humans and vice versa.
- The fungus can survive in the environment for a long time, lurking in carpets, bedding, and grooming items.
- The incubation period is 10-12 days, meaning a cat will start showing signs about 10-12 days after exposure.
- In rare cases, contaminated soil can also be a source.
You can kill the spores with a bleach solution, mixing 500ml of bleach with 4 liters of water.
Can Humans Catch Ringworm from Pets?
Yes, ringworm is contagious. A human can catch it from touching an infected pet's skin or hair. Children are particularly at risk.
Are All Pets at Risk?
Healthy adult pets usually resist ringworm, but young or weak ones, with underdeveloped immune systems, are more at risk. Some pets carry the fungus without showing symptoms, yet they can infect others.
Diagnosing Ringworm
Vets use various tests to diagnose ringworm since a simple look isn't enough:
- Wood’s Lamp: This UV lamp might show a glow if Microsporum canis is present.
- Microscopic Diagnosis: Vets examine hairs or skin under a microscope.
- Culture: A skin scraping might be sent to a lab to confirm the fungus type.
Treatment Options
Without treatment, ringworm can naturally resolve in 2–4 months. Still, treating it can quicken recovery and lower contagion risk.
Griseofulvin
Vets might prescribe Griseofulvin, an antifungal drug. It can stop fungus growth but has side effects, so consult with your vet first.
Shampoos and Dips
Lime sulfur dips, administered twice weekly, can help. Follow veterinary instructions carefully. Beware, these dips smell and may stain.
Decontaminate the Environment
- Use a 1:10 bleach solution on surfaces to kill spores.
- Vacuum and steam clean regularly.
- Wash pet bedding in hot water and clean baskets with bleach.
- Confine your pet to minimize spread.